Modal Forms
Listed below is a general outline of modal forms and their possible time reference.
Listed below is a general outline of modal forms and their possible time reference.
Form:MODAL Simple Verb
Time Reference:present, future, past
Examples
He can answer your question.They should leave early tomorrow.He had to leave at 7 this morning.
Form:Modal Continuous Form
Time Reference:Present
Examples
He might be joking!
He might be joking!
Form: Modal Verbs Present Perfect
Time Reference:Past
Examples
She can't have been serious!
They might have gone to the country.
She can't have been serious!
They might have gone to the country.
Form:Modal Present Perfect Continuous Verb
Time Reference:Past
Examples
They might have been working at that time
They might have been working at that time
Can / Be Able To
Listed below are examples and uses of can / could / be able to for ability and permission
Examples
He can play tennis well.
He can play tennis well.
She is able to speak five languages.
They can come on Friday.Jack will be able to come next week.
Usage
Use 'can' or 'be able to' to express an ability or possibility
NOTE: The future of 'be able to' is 'will be able to
Use 'can' or 'be able to' to express an ability or possibility
NOTE: The future of 'be able to' is 'will be able to
Examples
He could swim when he was five.
He could swim when he was five.
Usage
Could in the past means the general ability to do something.
Could in the past means the general ability to do something.
Examples
They were able to get tickets for the concert.
I was able to finish before 6.
I couldn't come last night, sorry. OR I wasn't able to come last night, sorry.
They were able to get tickets for the concert.
I was able to finish before 6.
I couldn't come last night, sorry. OR I wasn't able to come last night, sorry.
Usage
IMPORTANT: If someone was in the position to do something, or managed to do something, we use 'was/were able to instead of 'could'
In the negative,' wasn't able to' OR 'couldn't' are bo
IMPORTANT: If someone was in the position to do something, or managed to do something, we use 'was/were able to instead of 'could'
In the negative,' wasn't able to' OR 'couldn't' are bo
Modal Verbs of Probability
Listed below are examples and uses of modal verbs of probability. Modal verbs of probability are used to express an opinion of the speaker based on information that the speaker has. Example: He must be at work, it's 10 o'clock. In this case, the speaker is 100 % sure that the person is at work based on the speaker's knowledge that the person in question usually works at during the day.
Listed below are examples and uses of modal verbs of probability. Modal verbs of probability are used to express an opinion of the speaker based on information that the speaker has. Example: He must be at work, it's 10 o'clock. In this case, the speaker is 100 % sure that the person is at work based on the speaker's knowledge that the person in question usually works at during the day.
Examples
They must be in Spain by now.
She must have done well on the test.
Usage
Use 'must' plus the verb when you are 100% (or almost 100%) sure that something is the case.
Use 'must' plus the verb when you are 100% (or almost 100%) sure that something is the case.
Examples
She might come this evening.
David may invite Jesica to the match.
Jack might have gone to France.
She might come this evening.
David may invite Jesica to the match.
Jack might have gone to France.
Usage
Use 'might' or 'may' to express an opinion that you think has a good possibility of being true.
Use 'might' or 'may' to express an opinion that you think has a good possibility of being true.
Examples
Jane could be at work.
Peter could have arrived late.
Jane could be at work.
Peter could have arrived late.
Usage
Use 'could' to express a possibilty which is one of many. This form is not as strong as 'might' or 'may'. It is just one of a number of possibilities.
Use 'could' to express a possibilty which is one of many. This form is not as strong as 'might' or 'may'. It is just one of a number of possibilities.
Examples
lesYou can't be serious!
They can't have worked until late.
lesYou can't be serious!
They can't have worked until late.
Usage
Use 'can't' to express an opinion that you are 100% sure is NOT true.
Notice that the past form remains 'can't have done'
Use 'can't' to express an opinion that you are 100% sure is NOT true.
Notice that the past form remains 'can't have done'
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